No votes por hombres blancos
No votes por apellidos europeos
No votes por homofóbicos
ni por rubias de colegio privado
No votes por pinochetistas
No votes por la derecha
ni por la derecha de la izquierda
No votes por viejas cuicas
No votes demócrata cristianos
No votes por genocidas
ni por violadores
No votes por ingenieros comerciales
No votes por empresarios
No votes por aristócratas
ni por terratenientes
No votes por asesinos
No votes por millonarios
No votes por pedófilos
ni por golpeadores de mujeres
No votes por ladrones
ni por torturadores
No votes por uniformados
No votes por Matte Luksic
Larraín ni Claro
No votes por nadie
que no sea el cambio necesario.
viernes, 30 de octubre de 2020
No votes
miércoles, 28 de octubre de 2020
viernes, 23 de octubre de 2020
WHEREAS, BY LAYLI LONG SOLDIER
WHEREAS the word whereas means it being the case that, or considering that, or while on the contrary; is a qualifying or introductory statement, a conjunction, a connector. Whereas sets the table. The cloth. The saltshakers and plates. Whereas calls me to the table because Whereas precedes and invites. I have come now. I’m seated across from a Whereas smile. Under pressure of formalities, I fidget I shake my legs. I’m not one for these smiles, Whereas I have spent my life in unholding. What do you mean by unholding? Whereas asks and since Whereas rarely asks, I am moved to respond, Whereas, I have learned to exist and exist without your formality, saltshakers, plates, cloth. Without the slightest conjunctions to connect me. Without an exchange of questions, without the courtesy of answers. This has become mine, this unholding. Whereas, with or without the setup, I can see the dish being served. Whereas let us bow our heads in prayer now, just enough to eat;
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/91697/from-whereas
martes, 20 de octubre de 2020
17 de noviembre de 2019
lunes, 19 de octubre de 2020
Mapudungun loanwords
The Mapudungun language has left a relatively small number of words in Chilean Spanish, given its large geographic expanse. Many Mapudungun loans are names for plants, animals, and places. For example:[25][26][27]
cahuín:[28] a rowdy gathering; also malicious or slanderous gossip.
copihue: Lapageria rosea, Chile's national flower.
culpeo: the culpeo, or Andean fox, Lycalopex culpaeus.
luma - Amomyrtus luma, a native tree species known for its extremely hard wood; also a police baton (historically made from luma wood in Chile).
chape: braid.
guarén: the brown rat.
laucha: mouse.
roquín: lunch, picnic
cuncuna: caterpillar.
pichintún: pinch, or very small portion.
pilucho: naked.
piñén: dirt of the body.
guata: belly.
machi: female Mapuche shaman.
colo colo: pampas cat, Leopardus colocola.
curi: black, dark.
curiche: dark-skinned person.
charquicán: a popular stew dish.
malón: military surprise attack; also, a party.
paila: bowl.
ulpo: non-alcoholic drink made of toasted flour and water or milk.
yapa: something extra or for free; a lagniappe.
pilcha: shabby suit of clothing.
huila: shredded, ragged.
merkén: smoked chili pepper.
funa: a demonstration of public denunciation and repudiation against a person or group. Also to be bored or demotivated, demoralized.
huifa: wiggle with elegance, sensuality, and grace; also, interjection to express joy.
pichiruchi: tiny, despicable, or insignificant.
pololo: Astylus trifasciatus, an orange-and-black-striped beetle native to Chile; also, boyfriend.
quiltro: mongrel, or stray dog.
viernes, 16 de octubre de 2020
Las enseñanzas del kimche
En los colegios públicos de La Araucanía, más de la mitad de los estudiantes son mapuche. Sin embargo, pocos establecimientos se hacen cargo de esa diversidad cultural. El kimche –o sabio– Hernán Marinao trabaja en un liceo de Puerto Saavedra y al repasar su biografía, cuenta cómo, luego de décadas, recién comienza a buscarse en serio la interculturalidad: el equilibrio entre la sociedad winka y el mundo mapuche.
“Mi nombre es Hernán Marinao. Originalmente, mi apellido es “Mari Nawel”. Mari significa diez. Nawel, jaguar. Yo soy diez jaguares, pero como estoy reconocido por un solo apellido, soy Marinao Marinao. Entonces, soy veinte jaguares.
Nací en el año 78, en la costa de la novena región. Con mis ocho hermanos vivíamos en la ruka que construyó mi abuelo. La ruka fue la casa donde vivió, durmió y guardó los cereales. En esa ruka yo me crié.
Crecí con apego a mi abuela. Gracias a ella, mi primera lengua es el mapudungun. Mi abuela me enseñó cómo comportarme en una ruka, cuáles son las oraciones, cuándo ir a buscar el agua al pozo, cómo cocinar la papa asada en el rescoldo. Cada día, nos preguntaba: ¿qué hiciste hoy, tuviste respeto con la naturaleza? Siempre en una conversación, de esa forma aprende nuestra gente.
A los ocho años, entré a la escuela. Yo sentía que no necesitaba ir a la escuela porque ya sabía todo lo que me había enseñado mi abuela. Caminaba siete kilómetros todos los días. Veía el amanecer, los pájaros, el bosque. En la escuela me confundí, porque me enseñaban a escribir y podía jugar con otros niños, pero también me prohibían hablar mapudungun. La enseñanza media la estudié en el Liceo Reino de Suecia, en ese tiempo, Liceo C-19, de Puerto Saavedra. Ahí no me prohibían hablar mapudungun, pero tampoco enseñaban la cultura mapuche. Entonces yo trataba de mostrarla. Armé un grupo con mis compañeros y hacíamos danza para los actos del colegio. Así, sin darme cuenta, terminé cuarto medio y me fui a la universidad.
En la Universidad Católica de Temuco descubrí la diversidad de las personas y de la educación. Me encontré con compañeros mapuche y conversábamos en mapudungun. Estábamos en un programa de ingreso especial para estudiar pedagogía intercultural. La condición era aprobar cuatro ramos. A mí jamás me gustó matemática, y lo reprobé. Justo cuando me di cuenta de que la educación era importante no pude continuar.
Era el año 2000, volví a mi comunidad, pensando en trabajar en el campo. Le conté a una profesora del Liceo de Saavedra que había quedado fuera de la carrera. Ella había observado que yo era destacado por promover la cultura mapuche en el colegio. Me dijo: necesito un inspector, además te ofrezco la misión de representar el tema mapuche en el liceo. Fue bonito. Formé un grupo y enseñé a los estudiantes la danza del choique o ñandú. Ensayábamos después de clases y se sumaban otros chicos. Nos presentábamos en los actos del colegio. Lo mantuvimos durante cinco años, hasta que la profesora se fue del liceo. Ahí sentí un vacío. Alrededor del noventa por ciento de nuestros estudiantes son mapuche y vienen al colegio y su mundo no está. A veces necesitan manifestarse de su cultura y no hay nadie para enseñarles. Están como enjaulados, sin saber dónde ir.
El año pasado hubo personas que se dieron cuenta de esto y armaron un proyecto para que el Liceo Reino de Suecia sea intercultural. La comunidad educativa dijo, ¿quién podría apoyar? Yo estaba en un rinconcito y alguien me señaló: él puede ser. Por mis conocimientos, me nombraron kimche o sabio del colegio. Entonces empezamos a experimentar. Es complejo definir qué es lo intercultural, pero siento que es ser como yo. Yo cuido mi cultura y aprendo de la otra. Hoy no existe ese equilibrio. En la educación tradicional, la sociedad chilena es absorbente e imponente, y no acepta la cultura mapuche.
Después, en el colegio se preguntaron, “¿cómo manifestamos lo intercultural?”. Ahí surgió la idea de la ruka. “¿Y quién va a construir la ruka?”, dijeron. Entonces me miraron, “¿tú sabes armar una ruka?”. Sí, contesté. “¿Y cómo aprendiste?”. Aprendí cuando niño, ayudando a levantar ruka a otras personas. “¿Podrías construirla tú?”. Sí, puedo. “¿Y necesitas un plano?”. No. Está todo aquí, en mi cabeza.
Desde los 15 años que no fabricaba una ruka. Me fui al tiempo en que ayudaba en las construcciones y me acordé muy bien. Caminé por el patio del liceo y empecé a evaluar las dimensiones, la cantidad de palos, de varillas. Me salieron exactas las medidas. Ya está, dije, empecemos.
Primero, se entierran en círculo los troncos de temo, una madera que vive en el fango y resiste la humedad. Los pilares que sostienen el techo son de ciprés –antiguamente se usaba boldo– una madera bastante dura. Las varillas son de eucalipto. Después viene el tejido de totora, sujetado con una enredadera. Todos los materiales los encontramos en la tierra de las comunidades.
Trabajamos rápido, para que no nos encontrara el invierno. De hecho, tocaron dos aguaceros antes de construir. Me sentía como un gran ingeniero al que se le viene abajo su edificación. Rogué siempre a nuestro gran poder y en un mes y tres semanas logramos levantar esta ruka, que tiene quince metros de largo por seis de ancho.
Convocamos a todo el colegio para que participara, porque estábamos construyendo nuestra casa. Los niños chicos eran los más alegres. Tocaban la madera, me venían a ayudar. Vieron cómo nace una ruka desde el inicio, igual como yo cuando era niño.
Al terminar la ruka, empezaron a llegar los estudiantes. Los atendí, con un fogón, un mate y un tukún, una conversación. Les dije: las dos cosas fundamentales para vivir la ruka son el ekún, el respeto, por las cosas, las personas y uno mismo; y el alkutún, el poder de escuchar. Otra cosa –les expliqué– aquí, cuando toca el timbre del recreo, no se corre para salir. Toca el timbre, termina nuestra conversación y el que está al lado mío pasa a despedirse de mano, uno por uno, como mapuche, diciendo peukallal, adiós.
Con la ruka lista, celebramos masivamente el Wetripantu, el regreso del sol o año nuevo. Llegaron todas las comunidades de alrededor y muchos invitados. También las machis y los lonkos, las autoridades políticas y religiosas del pueblo mapuche. Me puso muy contento que nuestros estudiantes vieran una verdadera ceremonia mapuche en su escuela. Días antes, vino el lonko más antiguo a conversar conmigo, me dijo: necesito que usted sea el lonko en la ceremonia y en el colegio. Es un enorme orgullo, no le pude decir que no. El lonko es el jefe de una comunidad, quien dirige a las machis en las ceremonias. A lo mejor aquí en el colegio no se ve como importante, pero en mi cultura sí. Es una gran responsabilidad, un honor. Ahora, para mi pueblo, yo soy el jefe de esta comunidad educativa, yo soy el lonko.
Como constructor de la ruka, hoy siento que he cumplido y debo entregarla. Quedará a cargo de los directivos del liceo, ellos enfocarán cómo la van a utilizar. Si me invitan a seguir participando, lo voy a hacer. Lo que me interesa es que se cumpla el objetivo: lograr que aquí se enseñe mi cultura, tal como a mí me la enseñó mi abuela”.
miércoles, 14 de octubre de 2020
For quiet girls, Maia Marie
for the girls who live in that place for what’s forgotten
with socks, hats, pot plants and homework.
the ones that aren’t the prettiest, or funniest, or smartest.
who are not very brave
or have that extra thing that could get you out the township.
the ones who wait
in suburbs and schools,
in shopping malls or on street corners
with their desire to retreat,
weighed under what’s not theirs,
lines drawn by mothers and grandmothers
and fathers who are not there.
for the quiet girls who don’t get chosen.
in a corner on the playground
knowing they could join if given a chance
but not knowing how to say “I want to”.
who have everything in them
but not years to lay in the ground
or plenty of water and sunshine
so if they don’t grab their one chance to flower,
they never will
martes, 13 de octubre de 2020
Pier Paolo Pasolini, el valor de la derrota
sábado, 10 de octubre de 2020
SACHEEN LITTLEFEATHER
Hello. My name is Sacheen Littlefeather. I'm Apache and I am president
of the National Native American Affirmative Image Committee. I'm
representing Marlon Brando this evening and he has asked me to tell you
in a very long speech, which I cannot share with you presently because
of time but I will be glad to share with the press afterwards, that he
very regretfully cannot accept this very generous award. And the
reasons for this being are the treatment of American Indians today by
the film industry – excuse me – and on television in movie reruns, and
also with recent happenings at Wounded Knee. I beg at this time that I
have not intruded upon this evening and that we will in the future, our
hearts and our understandings will meet with love and generosity. Thank
you on behalf of Marlon Brando.
jueves, 8 de octubre de 2020
there always will be a next time, siempre habrá una próxima vez
To meet a beloved friend
on a park under the autumn sun
drinking coffee, talking so much
time
love
heat
smile
sharing ourselves each other because
we are
time
love
heat
smile
and to say goodbye
con un torpe movimiento
certainly knowing
there will be a next time
siempre habrá una próxima vez
The Book of Delights, Ross Gay
Ross Gay opens The Book of Delights with:
"It
didn’t take me long to learn that the discipline or practice of writing
these essays occasioned a kind of delight radar. Or maybe it was more
like the development of a delight muscle. Something that implies that
the more you study delight, the more delight there is to study. A month
or two into this project delights were calling to me: Write about me!
Write about me! Because it is rude not to acknowledge your delights, I’d
tell them that though they might not become essayettes, they were still
important, and I was grateful to them. Which is to say, I felt my life
to be more full of delight. Not without sorrow or fear or pain or loss.
But more full of delight. I also learned this year that my delight
grows—much like love and joy—when I share it."
miércoles, 7 de octubre de 2020
Things I Didn't Know I Loved, Nazim Hikmet (1902-1963)
it's 1962 March 28th
I'm sitting by the window on the Prague-Berlin train
night is falling
I never knew I liked
night descending like a tired bird on a smoky wet plain
I don't like
comparing nightfall to a tired bird
I didn't know I loved the earth
can someone who hasn't worked the earth love it
I've never worked the earth
it must be my only Platonic love
and here I've loved rivers all this time
whether motionless like this they curl skirting the hills
European hills crowned with chateaus
or whether stretched out flat as far as the eye can see
I know you can't wash in the same river even once
I know the river will bring new lights you'll never see
I know we live slightly longer than a horse but not nearly as long as a crow
I know this has troubled people before
and will trouble those after me
I know all this has been said a thousand times before
and will be said after me
I didn't know I loved the sky
cloudy or clear
the blue vault Andrei studied on his back at Borodino
in prison I translated both volumes of War and Peace into Turkish
I hear voices
not from the blue vault but from the yard
the guards are beating someone again
I didn't know I loved trees
bare beeches near Moscow in Peredelkino
they come upon me in winter noble and modest
beeches are Russian the way poplars are Turkish
"the poplars of Izmir
losing their leaves. . .
they call me The Knife. . .
lover like a young tree. . .
I blow stately mansions sky-high"
in the Ilgaz woods in 1920 I tied an embroidered linen handkerchief
to a pine bough for luck
I never knew I loved roads
even the asphalt kind
Vera's behind the wheel we're driving from Moscow to the Crimea
Koktebele
formerly "Goktepé ili" in Turkish
the two of us inside a closed box
the world flows past on both sides distant and mute
I was never so close to anyone in my life
bandits stopped me on the red road between Bolu and Geredé
when I was eighteen
apart from my life I didn't have anything in the wagon they could take
and at eighteen our lives are what we value least
I've written this somewhere before
wading through a dark muddy street I'm going to the shadow play
Ramazan night
a paper lantern leading the way
maybe nothing like this ever happened
maybe I read it somewhere an eight-year-old boy
going to the shadow play
Ramazan night in Istanbul holding his grandfather's hand
his grandfather has on a fez and is wearing the fur coat
with a sable collar over his robe
and there's a lantern in the servant's hand
and I can't contain myself for joy
flowers come to mind for some reason
poppies cactuses jonquils
in the jonquil garden in Kadikoy Istanbul I kissed Marika
fresh almonds on her breath
I was seventeen
my heart on a swing touched the sky
I didn't know I loved flowers
friends sent me three red carnations in prison
I just remembered the stars
I love them too
whether I'm floored watching them from below
or whether I'm flying at their side
I have some questions for the cosmonauts
were the stars much bigger
did they look like huge jewels on black velvet
or apricots on orange
did you feel proud to get closer to the stars
I saw color photos of the cosmos in Ogonek magazine now don't
be upset comrades but nonfigurative shall we say or abstract
well some of them looked just like such paintings which is to
say they were terribly figurative and concrete
my heart was in my mouth looking at them
they are our endless desire to grasp things
seeing them I could even think of death and not feel at all sad
I never knew I loved the cosmos
snow flashes in front of my eyes
both heavy wet steady snow and the dry whirling kind
I didn't know I liked snow
I never knew I loved the sun
even when setting cherry-red as now
in Istanbul too it sometimes sets in postcard colors
but you aren't about to paint it that way
I didn't know I loved the sea
except the Sea of Azov
or how much
I didn't know I loved clouds
whether I'm under or up above them
whether they look like giants or shaggy white beasts
moonlight the falsest the most languid the most petit-bourgeois
strikes me
I like it
I didn't know I liked rain
whether it falls like a fine net or splatters against the glass my
heart leaves me tangled up in a net or trapped inside a drop
and takes off for uncharted countries I didn't know I loved
rain but why did I suddenly discover all these passions sitting
by the window on the Prague-Berlin train
is it because I lit my sixth cigarette
one alone could kill me
is it because I'm half dead from thinking about someone back in Moscow
her hair straw-blond eyelashes blue
I never knew I liked the night pitch-black
sparks fly from the engine
I didn't know I loved sparks
I didn't know I loved so many things and I had to wait until sixty
to find it out sitting by the window on the Prague-Berlin train
viernes, 2 de octubre de 2020
[Immigration Headline], Javier Zamora
[byline]
Northern triangle—First, I lived near mud, there, I carved some things. Then, I found a well, yo soy un bicho migrante. I had to climb trees, find mollusks, made a knife to eat them raw. Later, later-later, I worried about firewood, pots to cook. I asked ¿Where did my parents go? ¿Where? ¿There? I walked to another tree, another shore ... ¿Where are they now? I carved more: my face, my parents’, an alligator’s, yo soy un bicho migrante. ¡But no! I got tired of waiting, of playing, I wanted to see more. I found a river, found a road. Found more like me, a bunch of us waiting for more of us to flee. A tribe. A small village, yo soy un bicho migrante. I saw there were rules, clothes kept dry in plastic bags, phone numbers written inside pants. They also made fire, carved things into the mud. Asked ¿De donde sos vos? I pointed: de allá. Said I didn’t have plans. They answered, ¡Bienvenido! Tapped their feet on the dirt, yo soy un bicho migrante. We walked on the road, then along the road looking for food. Through the forest, through the mountains, we looked for mud, for frogs, for—¡There! ¡There they are! We played our favorite game, until I got bored again. Yo soy un bicho migrante. Nights are boring. Fireflies ... boring. Stars, the moon ... Well ... I began to let myself think ... babosadas came to mind: countries, passports. Then, I walked away from everyone, got to a mountain, then another one. Got to a river where I saw rats. ¿Have you seen the tribe? ¿A savage bunch that makes fires from trash? In a hurry they chased after me. I ran north. Found a few others. Or, maybe it was just me. To eat you have to believe, they said. Handed me something in the dark. Yo soy un bicho migrante. Saw pizza in the dark, hamburgers, clouds maybe. Maybe clouds. I saw fireflies. Few days had passed. I felt like an empty road. I invented machines. Planes. Fast cars. I barely had time to learn their names. I barely had time to say goodbye. Yo soy un bicho migrante. Years later, I filled forms. Wrote my name & woke up in a bed that had traveled 56 days, 56 nights. Then, came an election. War. Kids kept coming, but I had to find work. Wrote so many books my hands got tired. Made alternatives for plastic. Someone separated people into groups. Trees were cut extinct. But I destroyed fences, jailed kings, invented a replacement for countries. We searched for purpose. Happiness. ¡Anyone could travel anywhere! We learned new languages. I had looked through the window I wasn’t supposed to. Yes, I looked. ¿What can I say? So I could be certain I looked & broke through. Yo soy un bicho migrante. But maybe, just maybe, I’ll return to that well & begin carving mud again. I’ll carve the whole world backwards. But no. Maybe not. Migrating has no beginning. No purpose. Yo solo soy uno de muchos bichos migrantes.
jueves, 1 de octubre de 2020
Henry N. Day required that students be familiar with intervals
Henry N. Day required that students be familiar with intervals:
major and minor seconds, major and minor thirds, and the tritone, fifth, and
octave, and be able to produce them vocally at will.
As Joaquin does.